College of Environmental Design
Department of Architecture, UC Berkeley
Architecture Slide Library
Architecture 170 - Fall 1996 - Dell Upton - September 17
I. ANCESTRAL HOMELANDS. The Mycenaean legacy: tholos tombs, heroic legends, the megaron, citadels.
The Mycenaean legacy: tholos tombs, heroic legends, the megaron, citadels (Megaron comparison).
II. THE DORIC TEMPLE. Early sanctuaries: a. panhellenic sanctuaries at Olympia, Delphi, Delos established by end of 8C BCE. b. The state sanctuaries, established by polis and ethnos. Begin to erect buildings by 8C.
The form: cella and pteron [colonnade]. Evidence of their form: clay models, excavation of the first Heraeum, Samos, ca. 800-775 BCE; note portico in antis, structural materials, colonnade added about 50 years later. The shift to terra cotta roofing and stone walls, ca. 600 BCE. (Temple plan).
The appearance of the Doric temple. Three aspects: a. structure: post and lintel. b. aesthetic [Ex.: Hephaestion/"Theseum", Athens, mid 5C BCE]. The temple as idealized and conventionalized form. The orders. Visual tricks: entasis, intercolumniation, the Ïrefinements.Ó c. formal elements. Does the Doric temple imitate a wooden structure (Doric Post & Beam system)?
III. THE POLIS AND THE AKROPOLIS. The growth of the polis as civic, territorial, communal and religious entity. The ethnos as alternative structure. The reuse of Mycenaean citadels as strong points in new polis. The Acropolis at Athens in its 5C form. The Parthenon, 447-432 BCE, Iktinos, architect; Phidias, sculptor (Parthenon plan, Parthenon view from Propylaeon). A Doric temple dedicated to the Virgin Athena. Note: polychromy, cella and rear room, chryselephantine [gold and ivory] statue of the goddess. The Erechtheion, 421-405 BCE (Erechtheion plan, Erechtheion, Caryatid detail). An Ionic temple of rich decoration and complex plan that accommodates preexisting sacred elements. Note: siting, south porch with caryatids. Other buildings on the Acropolis: Chalcotheca [armory], shrine to Artemis. Attempts to organize the space in the 5C BCE: the Propylaea, 437-432 BCE, Mnesikles, architect, replacing earlier propylon. Note: Picture gallery or dining hall, temple of Athena Nike [ca. 425 BCE to designs of Kallikrates] on rebuilt Mycenaean bastion. The significance of the high place. (Hephaistos, view from NE)