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Architecture 170A
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Paestum Heraion (Temple Delphi Athens Parthenon Prototypical Temple Propyleaon
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The Greek Temple and its Construction I. Greek temples from the 6th-5th centuries BCE, their siting, and the Doric and Ionic orders. system of construction and decoration based in part upon wooden construction, organized around repetition of carefully proportioned parts. stone quarried and temples constructed with aid of iron tools. II. Early colonial temples at Paestum (Italy). Temple of Hera I ("Basilica"), c 550 BCE. rectangular enclosure (pteron) of 9 x 18 columns. Fluted doric columns rest directly upon a stepped platform (stylobate). their shafts bulge slightly in the middle (entasis) and taper towards the top. Capitals composed of a pillow-shaped echinus capped by a rectangular block (abacus). Temple of Hera II (Temple of Poseidon or Neptune), c 450 BCE. change in shape and proportions of column shaft. atop the capitals the architrave, and then alternating triglyphs and metopes. difficulty of placing corner triglyphs consistently. these horizontal elements capped by a triangular gable (pediment). Porch, with two columns in antis, leading to interior (cella), where cult statue was kept; sacrificial altar remained outside. III. regular architecture often irregularly sited in response to region's rugged topography. Sacred Way, Delphi (Greece), lined with treasuries of individual city-states, and culminating in Temple of Apollo. Treasury of Athens, c 500-485, first known Doric building constructed out of marble. IV. Akropolis, Athens (Greece), center of that powerful state's religious life. shrines rebuilt out of marble during time of Perikles following Persian invasion of 480. artistic leadership of sculptor Phidias. Gateway (Propylaia),The Greek temple and its construction 437-32 BCE by Mnesikles. interior passageways for chariots and pedestrians lined with Ionic columns. Parthenon, 447-432, Iktinos assisted by Kallikrates. most elaborately crafted and decorated of all Doric Greek temples, with numerous optical refinements. freize may illustrate annual Panathenaic procession. originally brightly colored. housed Phidias's colossal statue of Athena. Erechtheion, 421-405 BCE, on site of earlier temple. irregular plan with two projecting porches, including Porch of the Maidens, with caryatid columns. Ionic order: thinner proportions and different elements (base, volute capital, freize) than Doric. associated with Ionic islands to the south and east. |
