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Architecture 170A |
Last Year’s Final Questions |
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St. Denis Ste. Chapelle, Paris Wells Cathedral Venice
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The End of the Medieval World I. The development of Gothic in France: the Rayonnant style during the reign King Louis IX. The expansion of glazing in the tracery of the windows of the new nave, Abbey Church of St. Denis, begun 1231-81. Further development of the primacy of the window and flattening of wall surfaces in Sainte-Chapelle, 1243-48, built as a reliquary for the crown of thorns, acquired from Constantinople. Upper and lower chapels of building within the royal palace in Paris. Rayonnant the gothic exported throughout Europe across the course of the thirteenth century. II. Decorative complexity and spatial unity of English 13th and 14th-century Gothic architecture. Decreasing importance of expression of structure on the interior. Cathedral, Wells, begun c 1200 in the gothic style. 14th-century additions in the Decorated Gothic style which stressed intricately geometric vaults, tracery, and sculptural carving. Four strainer-arches at the crossing, built 1338 -48 by William Joy support the 1315-33 central tower. Net vaulting of choir, begun 1329, also by Joy. Flat east end characteristic of much English gothic. Complex vaulting and window tracery of Lady chapel added to east by Thomas Whitney, beginning in 1315, to accomodate increasing importance of worship of Mary. Polygonal chapter house, finished by 1319, to house the meetings of the monks whose monasteries were an important component of most British cathedrals. III. Importation of Gothic into Venice, Italy, an island city built up out of marshes. Relative simplicty of hall church of Saints Giovanni and Paolo, begun 1333, built as a showcase for the preaching of the Dominican order, and, for a Venetian building, unusually typical of the rest of Italy. Role of the mendicant orders in introducing an unusually austere Gothic to Italy. Versus the ornate overlay of a purely ornamental upon an established local building type, the palaces of the city's merchants, especially the larger ones lining the Grand Canal. Constructional polychromy and Islamic-influenced second-story arcade of Doge's Palace, begun c 1340, to house the government headed by an elected duke. Lack of relationship of this gothic to either structure or form. Prominence of palace from the water and the Piazetta in comparison to older adjacent Basilica of San Marco. |
