Dissemination of the Renaissance; the power of printing: Architect, patrons and publicity: The work of Andrea Palladio (1508-1580). Published Four books of architecture (1570). Basilica, Vicenza (Vicenza, Basilica: plan; idealized plan ; facade; aerial vw) (1546+), Villa Barbero at Maser (1560+) (Villa Barbero: facade; plan) , Villa Capra (Rotonda) at Vicenza (1550+) (Villa Rotunda: sectn and elev; Palladio plan ext front faˇade).
Russia: Italians build MoscowĚs Kremlin [fortified complex including palaces and churches] for Ivan III. Walls are designed by Italians 1485-95. Aristotle Fioranti, Cathedral of the Assumption (1475-79)[local forms of Russian Orthodox tradition]; Alevisio Novi, Cathedral of the Archangel Michael (1505-08)[Italian orders]; Pietro Solario and Marco Ruffo, Granovitaya Palace (15C) [early Renaissance style]; Marco Bono, Great Bell Tower (16C). But outside Kremlin walls Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, 1555-60 is built by local architects non-Renaissance style. (Kremlin:
birdĚs eye vw
north-west exterior
Reed Square:
plan and section;
exterior vw).
Spain: Moors/Mooriscos create Mudejar decoration which is incorporated into Plateresque architecture influenced by Italy (e.g., Hospital of Santa Cruz, 1504-14, Enrique Egas). (Hospital of Santa Cruz: interior ; exterior). San Lorenzo del Escorial , 1563-1585, ( San Lorenzo del Escorial: aerial vw; interior detail ; plan upper level; aerial vw; Court of the Kings; N&W facades; exterior; int central nave), Juan Bautista de Toledo followed by Juan de Herrera (1530-97), a monastery, seminary, and palace built as a dynastic monument for Charles' son Philip II (r. 1556-98). Note: modular Renaissance planning and decoration, historic references to early Christian and Renaissance Rome, Charlemagne's Aachen, martyria.
France: Efforts of Francis I (r. 1515-47) to unify France under a centralized government.
Chambord (Loire-et-Cher), 1519-50, a chíteau built in the Loire Valley, the center of French political life in the late middle ages.
(Chambord:
plan;
aerial vw1;
aerial vw2;
ext. det. Chimneys;
interior staircase).
Renaissance principles of organization applied to a romantically depicted medieval castle as a symbol of changes in France. Palace at Fontainebleau with gallery decorated by Mannerists Primaticcio and Rosso il Fiorentino. French Renaissance architect: Philibert de lĚOrme (1510-1570) chíteau of Anet (c1550) built for mistress of Henri II, Diane de Poitiers with symbolic allegorical program (Anet:
birdĚs eye view;
entry portal): Diana and Acteon from OvidĚs Metamorphosis.(destroyed with frontispiece in Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris)
Paris as the renewed center of the French state (Paris: city plan; map; map vw) : the reconstruction of the medieval fortress of the Louvre, begun 1546 by Pierre Lescot (1500/15-1578) for Francis I. Lescot remodels SW corner of old castle court. The project constantly modified and enlarged over the centuries, notably (in the Renaissance), by the addition of the Petite Galerie and beginning of a riverside gallery to connect it with Tuileries Palace, done for Charles IX (r. 1560-74). Major alterations by Jacques Androuet du Cerceau II and Louis Metezeau, 1594-1610, for Henri IV (r. 1589-1610). They added the Grand Galerie (beg. 1595), cleared the space between the Louvre and the Tuileries, and began redecorating the palace.
Henri IV's urban projects in Paris: the intersection of economic reconstruction and la d»coration publique. Place Royale/Place des Vosges, 1603-7, by du Cerceau and/or M»tezeau, at first intended to be an industrial and artisan center, a place of public promenade, and a stage for royal ceremonies. (Place of Vosges: facade; birdĚs eye vw). The Pont Neuf, 1578, 1599- (with statue of Henri IV by Giovanni Bologna and Pietro Tacca, 1603-14) ((Pont-Neuf: view; aerial vw) and the Place Dauphine, Ile de la Cit»«, 1607-, by du Cerceau and/or M»tezeau.
England: what will happen in the 17th century: Banqueting House, Whitehall Palace, Westminster (London), 1619-22, designed by Inigo Jones (1573-1652). Autocracy and classicism at the Stuart court. Ceiling paintings by Peter Paul Rubens, 1629-35.
Country life and statecraft in 16th century England. The Elizabethan country house and Elizabeth I's (r. 1558-1603) political strategies. Longleat Hall, Wilts, c 1572,: note classical decoration, bay windows, courtyards, traditional placement of great hall. Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, Robert Smythson (ca 1536-1614), 1586-97, for Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury ("Bess of Hardwick"). The device in Elizabethan architecture. The great chamber-withdrawing chamber-bed chamber-inner chamber-closet suite.
SERLIO:
French twnhouse
elev. 15th villa
elev. of suburban villa
San Lorenzo
San Lorenzo